|
The 1934 Resettlement Law (also known as the Law no. 2510) was a policy adopted on 14 June 1934 by the Turkish government which set forth the basic principles of immigration.〔Cagatay, Soner 2002 ‘Kemalist donemde goc ve iskan politikaları: Turk kimligi uzerine bir calısma (Policies of migration and settlement in the Kemalist era: a study on Turkish identity), Toplum ve Bilim, no. 93, pp. 218-41.〕 The law however is regarded in academia as a policy of forceful assimilation of non-Turkish minorities through a forced and collective resettlement. ==Background== The bill was passed by the Turkish National Assembly on 14 June 1934. The law was made public and put into effect after it was published in the ''Resmi Gazete'' a week after its promulgation.〔 According to the Interior Minister Şükrü Kaya:〔TBMM Zabıt Ceridesi, Devre: IV, Cilt: 23, İçtima: 3, 14/06/1934, p.71.〕 Taking into consideration security and political concerns, the law closed strategic regions of the country to non-Muslim minority settlement.〔Icduygu, A., Toktas, S., & Soner, B. A. (2008). The politics of population in a nation-building process: Emigration of non-Muslims from turkey. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 31(2), 358-389. 〕 Turkish politicians understood that many non-Turks had been resettled on their own into separate villages and therefore had not assimilated into Turkishness.〔 Those individuals who "spoke alien dialects" had been able to differentiate themselves from the Turkish nation. It was a necessity to assess those villages in which such "alien dialects" were spoken and to distribute populations which spoke the "alien dialects" to nearby Turkish villages in order to foster and encourage forced assimilation. Under Article I of the law, the Minister of Interior was granted the right to govern and redistribute the interior population of the country in accordance to an individuals adherence to Turkish culture.〔‘İskan Kanunu’, no: 2510, 14/06/1934, Düstur, Tertip: 3, Cilt: 15, p. 1156.〕 Article 11 was a provision regarding that the resettlement must assure 'unity in language, culture and blood'.〔1/335 Numaralı İskan Kanunu Layihası ve İskan Muvakkat Encümeni Mazbatası’ In TBMM Zabıt Ceridesi, Devre: IV, Cilt: 3, Ek: 189, 02/05/1932, p. 11.〕 The settlement zones were divided in three separate zones according to the adherence of Turkish culture in the each particular individual:〔İskan Kanunu’, no: 2510, 14/06/1934, Düstur, Tertip: 3, Cilt: 15, p. 1156.〕 *Zone 1 - Areas deemed desirable to increase the density of the culturally Turkish population. *Zone 2 - Areas deemed desirable to establish populations that had to be assimilated into Turkish culture. *Zone 3 - Areas which had been decided should be evacuated for military, economic, political, or public health reasons, and where resettlement was prohibited. In paragraph Four of Article 10, the Ministry of Interior was granted the authority to transfer any individual who did not possess a certain degree of "Turkish culture" to Zone 2, where forced assimilatory practices would take place.〔İskan Kanunu’, no: 2510, 14/06/1934, Düstur, Tertip: 3, Cilt: 15, pp. 1158-1160.〕 According to Article 12, those individuals who did not speak Turkish and were in Zone 1 and were not transferred Zone 2 must be settled in villages, towns, and districts that had a preexisting dominance of Turkish culture in order to foster assimilation.〔 The law also required the resettlement of Muslim minorities such as Circassians, Albanians, and Abkhazes who were considered Muslims who had failed to fully adhere to the Turkish nation. Although these minorities shared the same faith as their Turkish counterparts, it was still considered a goal by the politicians of the Turkish Republic to bind all peoples of Turkey to become Turkish.〔TBMM Zabit Ceridesi, Session IV, vol. 23, addenda 189, p. 6.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「1934 Turkish Resettlement Law」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|